PROJECT WORK CLASS X

 WHY PRISMS ARE USED IN BINOCULARS

Title of the Project: Why prisms are used in binoculars.

Purpose of the project: To know the usage of prisms in binoculars.

Hypothesis: Total internal reflection can be applied to many different devices that perform in various ways. It is used to prismatic binoculars to maginify the light rays and created a non inverted, clarified visual of something off in the distance.

Materials: internet, some physics books and science magazines.

Procedure:

We collect information about binoculars in internet. We collect data from various books and magazines about the history of binoculars. We collect pictures and data about the prismatic binoculars.

Introduction: 

Binoculars are a kind of tool that lets people see far-away things more clearly, using a technology called optics. They are made of a pair of matched telescopes that are held in front of the user's eyes.

The two telescopes have lenses that focus light and magnify the image, a process called magnification. This way, when someone looks through the binoculars at a far-away object, it looks much closer.

Working process of binoculars:

1) When binoculars are pointed to the distant object, the light rays from the object fall on the objective lens.

2) The objective lens picks up the light rays; makes a focused image.

3) This image is picked up by the smaller lens and is then magnified.

4) The magnified image is then sent to the prism.

5) It flips the image and sends it to the eyepiece to make a 3D image, so we view the image.

Prisms instead of mirrors:

1) Mirrors always absorb a portion of the light, hence the intensity of the incident light gets reduced, whereas prisms indulge themselves in complete internal reflection, where the intensity of the incident light is conserved. For this advantage, optical devices, like telescopes generally use prisms instead of mirrors.

2) Prisms are used in binoculars instead of mirrors for better reflection. General right angled prisms or bi prisms are used in binoculars. By using prisms in binoculars we can increase the reflection efficiency upto 95%.

3) Prisms make use of "total internal reflection" (TIR), an advantage over the losses you'd expect from mirrors. Mirrors only reflect about 95% of that reflected by prisms using appropriate TIR angles. Prisms also avoid the refraction distortion that can result when using a glass fronted, reflective coated mirror.

Interpretation of the student:

We collected data of prismatic binoculars in internet. We collect the data about total internal reflection in our text book. We understand that why the prisms used instead of mirrors in binoculars.

Conclusion:

Total internal reflection can be applied to many different devices that perform in various ways. It is used to prismatic binoculars to maginify the light rays and created a non inverted, clarified visual of something off in the distance. And is used for sight seeing.

References: Internet, physics books and magazines.

PROJECT REPORT

Title of the project : Why prisms are used in binoculars.

Class : 10th

Subject : Physics

School :

Time frame : 5 days

Tools/references : internet, science magazines and physics books.

Detailes of procedure :

 We collect information about binoculars in internet. We collect data from

various books and magazines about the history of binoculars. We collect pictures and

data about the prismatic binoculars.

Observations :

1) In binoculars the two telescopes have lenses that focus light and magnify the image, a process called magnification.

2)Mirrors always absorb a portion of the light, hence the intensity of the incident light gets reduced, whereas prisms indulge themselves in complete internal reflection, where the intensity of the incident light is conserved. For this advantage, optical devices, like telescopes generally use prisms instead of mirrors.

Project outcome:

Total internal reflection can be applied to many different devices that perform in various ways. It is used to prismatic binoculars to maginify the light rays and created a non inverted, clarified visual of something off in the distance. And is used for sight seeing.